Bolivia - A Place

Bolivia – A Place

Summary

  • Politics
    • Name: Bolivia
    • Capital: Sucre
    • 2 Letter Code: BO
    • 3 Letter Code: BOL
  • Land
    • Contenent: The Americas
    • Region: South America
    • Total Land: 1,098,581 (424,164)
    • Land: 1,083,301 (418,265)
    • Water: 15,280 (5,900)
  • People
    • Population: 8,989,046
    • Birth Rate: 23.3 per 1,000
    • Death Rate: 7.53 per 1,000
    • Infant Mortality: 53.11 per 1,000
    • Literacy: -
  • Economy
    • Agriculture: 12.8%%
    • Industry: 35.2%%
    • Service: 52%%

Map

Bolivia is a country in South America. Its geography includes the Andes Mountains, the Atacama Desert, and Amazon Basin rain-forest.

History

The first identified population there lived around 2000 BCE. The Tiwanakans who were located south of Lake Titicaca are believed to be the ones that started this civilization.

Some thousands of years later, the Inca empire expanded and encompassed Bolivia. The Incan empire dominated Bolivia up until the Spaniards sailed to seas to arrive at Bolivia in 1525. The Spanish ruled the country for more than 300 years.

In 1809, the people of Bolivia declared independence from Spain.

Although independent Bolivia’s government has remained unstable for a very long time this is why Bolivia remains one of the poorest countries in the world. Most of the country’s revenue is generated from the export of crude petroleum and some agricultural products like Soybeans.

The political instabilities have also caused wars with surrounding countries. The most notable of which was the War of the Pacific against Chile. Bolivia lost this war and their access to the ocean. For this reason, the country remains landlocked.

Modern Times

Most of the population of Bolivia is Urban (71.8%). The majority of people speak the official language, Spanish (60% – 70%). The local languages of Quechua and Aymara are used in the rural marketplace.

Most people in Bolivia belong to a Christian denomination. Denominations include Roman Catholic (76.8%), Evangelical or Pentecostal (8.1%), and Protestant (7.9%).

Besides native Bolivians, there are several other minority ethnic groups in Bolivia. Mestizo (70%), Indigenous Bolivian (20%), White Bolivian (5%), Black Bolivian (1%), and other minor ethnic groups in Bolivia (4%). Minor groups include Asians, Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, Lebanese, Jews among others.

Genetics

This section is under development.

mtDNA

Genographic ProjectGeno 2.0 Data

Data from Geno 2.0 is derived from the The National Geographic Society’s Genographic Project — the DAR. The Hg ID is specific to this site and is used to protect the identities of those who take part in Genographic research. Birth Country, Mother's Birth Country, and Maternal Grandmother's Birth Country have been normalized from DAR database fields. The Maternal Origin is determined based on the three previous fields.

Note: Geno 2.0 results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.

Hg IDHg Build 16Birth CountryMother's Birth CountryMaternal Grandmother's Birth Country
Hap10040964A2BoliviaBoliviaBolivia
Hap10040965A2BoliviaBoliviaBolivia
Hap10040966A2United StatesBoliviaBolivia
Hap10043048B2BoliviaBoliviaBolivia
Hap10043049B2United StatesBoliviaBolivia
Hap10043143B2AustraliaBoliviaUnspecified
Hap10043686B2c2BoliviaBoliviaBolivia
Hap10044796C1bBoliviaBoliviaBolivia
Hap10044797C1bBoliviaBoliviaBolivia
Hap10044798C1bBoliviaBoliviaBolivia
Hap10044799C1bBrazilBoliviaBolivia
Hap10044800C1bUnited StatesBoliviaBolivia
Hap10044801C1bUnited StatesBoliviaBolivia
Hap10044875C1bBoliviaBoliviaUnspecified
Hap10044876C1bBoliviaBoliviaUnspecified
Hap10044877C1bUnited StatesBoliviaUnspecified
Hap10045674C1d1BoliviaBoliviaBolivia

Sources and Resources

Background

Coming soon.

Journal Articles

  • Taboada-Echalar, P., Álvarez-Iglesias, V., Heinz, T., Vidal-Bralo, L., Gómez-Carballa, A., Catelli, L., Pardo-Seco, J., Pastoriza, A., Carracedo, Á., Torres-Balanza, A. and Rocabado, O. (2013). The Genetic Legacy of the Pre-Colonial Period in Contemporary Bolivians. PLoS ONE, 8(3), e58980.
  • Gaya-Vidal, Magdalena; Moral, Pedro; Saenz-Ruales, Nancy; Gerbault, Pascale; Tonasso, Laure; Villena, Mercedes; Vasquez, Rene; Bravi, Claudio M. & Dugoujon, Jean-Michel (2011). mtDNA and Y-chromosome diversity in Aymaras and Quechuas from Bolivia: Different stories and special genetic traits of the Andean Altiplano populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 145(2), 215-230.
  • Gaya-vidal, Magdalena; Dugoujon, Jean-Michel; Esteban, Esther; Athanasiadis, Georgios; Rodriguez, Armando; Villena, Mercedes; Vasquez, Rene & Moral, Pedro (2010). Autosomal and X chromosome Alu insertions in Bolivian Aymaras and Quechuas: Two languages and one genetic pool. American Journal of Human Biology, 22(2), 154-162.