X2n – Haplogroup

Summary

Age: Undetermined
Origin: Western Eurasia
Variants: C64T G263A G4659A T9903C C15793T C16266T
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: X2m’n
Descendant branch(s):

YFull Info

Name: X2n
Age: 25200 to 16400 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: -
Variants: C64T G263A G4659A T9903C C15793T C16266T

Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.

Haplogroup X2n is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity. It has a strong presence in Europe in modern populations.

Age

Behar et al., 2012b did not include an age for this branch. However, based on analyis from YFull, it likely dates to the Upper Paleolithic or the last ice age.

Origin

Based on its age and where it is found today, the origin of X2n is most likely to be Western Eurasia.

Modern Distribution

X2n has wide distribution across southern and parts of eastern Europe. It is found in the Czech Republic, Italy, European Russia, and Greece.

mtDNA Haplogroup X2n Phylotree History

Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.

Build#	Called	Variants (Mutations)	Notes
15	X2n	C64T G263A G4659A T9903C C15793T C16266T	Released 30 Sep 2012
16	X2n	C64T G263A G4659A T9903C C15793T C16266T	Released 19 Feb 2014
17	X2n	C64T G263A G4659A T9903C C15793T C16266T	Released 18 Feb 2016

mtDNA Haplogroup X2n Data Sources

GenBank Samples

GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.

Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.

Hg ID	Origin	Publication	Hg BLD16	Hg BLD17	Hg YFull	Missing Variants	Additional Variants
Hap5005346		Behar et al., 2012b	X2n		X2n*	none	X2n:309d, 315.1C, 326, 3426C, 7492, 16182C, 16183C
Hap5009092	Italy	Gasparre et al., 2007	X2n		X2n*	none	X2n:309.1C, 315.1C, 4953, 15910, 16183C

Sources & Resources

Related Sources

Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
Gasparre, G., Porcelli, A.M., Bonora, E., Pennisi, L.F., Toller, M., Iommarini, L., Ghelli, A., Moretti, M., Betts, C.M., Martinelli, G.N. and Ceroni, A.R. (2007). Disruptive mitochondrial DNA mutations in complex I subunits are markers of oncocytic phenotype in thyroid tumors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(21), 9001-9006.
Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.

Additional Resources

mtDNA Consultants

The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.

Keywords

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Last Updated: [lastupdated]