X2m

Summary

Age: 14,223.9 ± 5,552.9; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Undetermined
Mutations: G143A G153A!
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: X2m’n
Descendant branch(s): X2m1 X2m2

Background

Haplogroup X2m is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 8,700 and 19,800 years (Behar et al., 2012b).

mtDNA Haplogroup X2m Phylotree History

Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.

Build#	Called	Mutations	Notes
14	X2m	G143A T226C	Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS
15	X2m	G143A G153A!	Released 30 Sep 2012
16	X2m	G143A G153A!	Released 19 Feb 2014
17	X2m	G143A G153A!	Released 18 Feb 2016

mtDNA Haplogroup X2m Data Sources

GenBank Samples

GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.

Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing resuts over to build 17.

Hg ID	Publication	Missing Variants	Additional Variants

Geno 2.0 Data

Data from Geno 2.0 is derived from the The National Geographic Society’s Genographic Project — the DAR. The Hg ID is specific to this site and is used to protect the identities of those who take part in Genographic research. Birth Country, Mother's Birth Country, and Maternal Grandmother's Birth Country have been normalized from DAR database fields. The Maternal Origin is determined based on the three previous fields.

Note: Geno 2.0 results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing resuts over to build 17.

Hg ID	Birth Country	Mother's Birth Country	Maternal Grandmother's Birth Country	Maternal Origin
Hap10101299	Italy	Italy	Italy	Italy
Hap10101300	Canada	Canada	United Kingdom	United Kingdom
Hap10101301	Canada	United Kingdom	United Kingdom	United Kingdom
Hap10101302	United States	United States	Unspecified	United States
Hap10101303	United States	United States	Unspecified	United States
Hap10101304	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Hap10101305	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Hap10101306	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Hap10101307	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified

If you use the information in this table, please credit both this site and The National Geographic Society’s Genographic Project.

Sources & Resources

Related Sources

• Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
• Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
• Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
• Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.

Additional Resources

• Ian Logan’s mtDNA Pages
• Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
• James Lick’s mtDNA Utility
• The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup X
• The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup X

mtDNA Consultants

The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.

• DNA Explorers – Robert Sliwinski
• Genetic Genealogy Consultant – Ugo Perego
• Your DNA Guide – Diahan Southard