Summary
Age: 9,505.0 ± 4,232.4; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Undetermined
Variants: A227G G16255A
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: X2
Descendant branch(s): X2c1 X2c2
YFull Info
Name: X2cAge: 25300 to 19900 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: -
Variants: A227G G16255A
Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.
Haplogroup X2c is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 5,300 and 13,700 years (Behar et al., 2012b).
mtDNA Haplogroup X2c Phylotree History
Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.
| Build# | Called | Variants (Mutations) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | X2c | 227 8705 16255 | Released 27 Aug 2008 |
| 02 | X2c | 227 8705 16255 | Released 14 Oct 2008 |
| 03 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 1 Mar 2009 |
| 04 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 10 May 2009 |
| 05 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 8 Jul 2009 |
| 06 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 28 Sep 2009 |
| 07 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 10 Nov 2009 |
| 08 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 21 Mar 2010 |
| 09 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 20 Jun 2010 |
| 10 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 10 Aug 2010 |
| 11 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 7 Feb 2011 |
| 12 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 20 Jul 2011 |
| 13 | X2c | 227 16255 | Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS |
| 14 | X2c | A227G G16255A | Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS |
| 15 | X2c | A227G G16255A | Released 30 Sep 2012 |
| 16 | X2c | A227G G16255A | Released 19 Feb 2014 |
| 17 | X2c | A227G G16255A | Released 18 Feb 2016 |
mtDNA Haplogroup X2c Data Sources
GenBank Samples
GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.
Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.
| Hg ID | Origin | Publication | Hg BLD16 | Hg BLD17 | Hg YFull | Missing Variants | Additional Variants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hap5004513 | Behar et al., 2012b | X2c | X2c2b | X2c:16187 | X2c:309.1C, 315.1C, 11878, 12530, 15314, 16186.1CC, 16234 | ||
| Hap5009008 | Fraumene et al., 2006 | X2c | X2c* | none | X2c:13807 | ||
| Hap5009014 | Fraumene et al., 2006 | X2c | X2c2* | none | X2c:13807, 15314 | ||
| Hap5013905 | Schönberg et al., 2011 | X2c | X2c | X2c:6221, 6371 | X2c:310, 4774N, 6221N, 6371N, 7792N, 8705N, 9560, 11467N, 14047N, 16183C |
Sources & Resources
Related Sources
- Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
- Fraumene, C., Belle, E.M., Castrì, L., Sanna, S., Mancosu, G., Cosso, M., Marras, F., Barbujani, G., Pirastu, M. and Angius, A. (2006). High Resolution Analysis and Phylogenetic Network Construction Using Complete mtDNA Sequences in Sardinian Genetic Isolates. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23(11), 2101-2111.
- Schonberg, Anna; Theunert, Christoph; Li, Mingkun; Stoneking, Mark & Nasidze, Ivan (2011). High-throughput sequencing of complete human mtDNA genomes from the Caucasus and West Asia: high diversity and demographic inferences. European Journal of Human Genetics, 19(9), 988-994.
- Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
Additional Resources
- Ian Logan’s mtDNA Pages
- Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
- James Lick’s mtDNA Utility
- The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup X
- The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup X
mtDNA Consultants
The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.
Keywords
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