Summary
Age: 19,233.8 ± 2,640.9; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Western Eurasia
Variants: T195C! G1719A
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: X1’2’3
Descendant branch(s): X2a’j X2b’d X2c X2e X2f X2g X2h X2i X2k X2l X2m’n X2o X2p
YFull Info
Name: X2Age: 42200 to 25600 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: -
Variants: T195C! G1719A
Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.
Haplogroup X2 is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 16,600 and 21,900 years (Behar et al., 2012b).
Age
Born between 16,600 an 21,900 years ago per Behar et al., 2012b, this branch dates to the last ice age.
Origin
Based on its modern distribution across Europe, North America, and and Middle East, this branch may originate between Western Eurasia and what it now the Middle East.
Modern Distribution
Branches that come from this one are spread throughout the world. However, those who belong to this branch but not a child branch have a separate distribution. In them, the most common locations are in Southern Europe and the Middle East.
mtDNA Haplogroup X2 Phylotree History
Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.
| Build# | Called | Variants (Mutations) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | X2 | 195 1719 | Released 27 Aug 2008 |
| 02 | X2 | 195 1719 | Released 14 Oct 2008 |
| 03 | X2 | 195 (225) 1719 | Released 1 Mar 2009 |
| 04 | X2 | 195 (225) 1719 | Released 10 May 2009 |
| 05 | X2 | 195 (225) 1719 | Released 8 Jul 2009 |
| 06 | X2 | 195 (225) 1719 | Released 28 Sep 2009 |
| 07 | X2 | 195 (225) 1719 | Released 10 Nov 2009 |
| 08 | X2 | 195 (225) 1719 | Released 21 Mar 2010 |
| 09 | X2 | 195 1719 | Released 20 Jun 2010 |
| 10 | X2 | 195 1719 | Released 10 Aug 2010 |
| 11 | X2 | 195 1719 | Released 7 Feb 2011 |
| 12 | X2 | 195 1719 | Released 20 Jul 2011 |
| 13 | X2 | 195 1719 | Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS |
| 14 | X2 | T195C! G1719A | Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS |
| 15 | X2 | T195C! G1719A | Released 30 Sep 2012 |
| 16 | X2 | T195C! G1719A | Released 19 Feb 2014 |
| 17 | X2 | T195C! G1719A | Released 18 Feb 2016 |
mtDNA Haplogroup X2 Data Sources
GenBank Samples
GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.
Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.
| Hg ID | Origin | Publication | Hg BLD16 | Hg BLD17 | Hg YFull | Missing Variants | Additional Variants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hap5007509 | - | Greenspan et al., 2006 - 2016 | X2 | - | X2:152 | X2:315.1C, 3615, 5435, 11524, 16182C, 16183C, 16201 | |
| Hap5008701 | Azerbaijan | Fernandes et al., 2012 | X2 | X2r | none | X2:198, 249d, 315.1C, 794, 6635, 7205, 9078, 12447, 13884T, 14178, 15119, 16183C, 16261 | |
| Hap5008702 | Azerbaijan | Fernandes et al., 2012 | X2 | X2r | none | X2:198, 249d, 315.1C, 794, 6635, 7205, 9078, 12447, 13884T, 14178, 15119, 16183C, 16261 | |
| Hap5009548 | Herrnstadt et al., 2002 | X2 | X2 | X2:146, 152, 153, 247, 16129, 16187, 16230, 16311 | X2:1-576d, 4884, 5024, 6956, 9692, 9986, 10775, 13020, 15734, 16024-16569d | ||
| Hap5009606 | Herrnstadt et al., 2002 | X2 | X2c1 | X2:146, 152, 153, 247, 16129, 16187, 16230, 16311 | X2:1-576d, 8705, 16024-16569d | ||
| Hap5009627 | Herrnstadt et al., 2002 | X2 | X2c1 | X2:146, 152, 153, 247, 16129, 16187, 16230, 16311 | X2:1-576d, 8705, 16024-16569d | ||
| Hap5009682 | Herrnstadt et al., 2002 | X2 | X2 | X2:146, 152, 153, 247, 16129, 16187, 16230, 16311 | X2:1-576d, 8616, 16024-16569d | ||
| Hap5009901 | Herrnstadt et al., 2002 | X2 | X2c1d | X2:146, 152, 153, 247, 16129, 16187, 16230, 16311 | X2:1-576d, 8705, 15313, 16024-16569d | ||
| Hap5013940 | Schönberg et al., 2011 | X2 | X2* | none | X2:310, 489G, 3489, 5483, 14319, 16172 | ||
| Hap5016306 | Tunisia | Costa et al., 2009 | X2 | X2* | none | X2:315.1C, 1822, 8281-8289d, 8908, 16131, 16183d, 16223, 16278 | |
| Hap5020860 | Iran | Derenko et al., 2013 | X2 | X2* | X2:153 | X2:189, 315.1C, 9647, 16256 |
Sources & Resources
Related Sources
- Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
- Costa, M.D., Cherni, L., Fernandes, V., Freitas, F., el Gaaied, A.B.A. and Pereira, L. (2009). Data from complete mtDNA sequencing of Tunisian centenarians: Testing haplogroup association and the “golden mean” to longevity. , 130(4), 222-226.
- Derenko, M., Malyarchuk, B., Bahmanimehr, A., Denisova, G., Perkova, M., Farjadian, S., & Yepiskoposyan, L. (2013). Complete Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Iranians. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e80673.
- Duggan, A.T., Harris, A.J., Marciniak, S., Marshall, I., Kuch, M., Kitchen, A., Renaud, G., Southon, J., Fuller, B., Young, J. and Fiedel, S. (2017). Genetic Discontinuity between the Maritime Archaic and Beothuk Populations in Newfoundland, Canada. Current Biology, -, -.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
- Fernandes, Veronica; Alshamali, Farida; Alves, Marco; Costa, Marta D.; Pereira, Joana B.; Silva, Nuno M.; Cherni, Lotfi; Harich, Nourdin; Cerny, Viktor; Soares, Pedro; Richards, Martin B. & Pereira, Luisa (2012). The Arabian Cradle: Mitochondrial Relicts of the First Steps along the Southern Route out of Africa. American journal of human genetics, 90(2), 347-355.
- FamilyTreeDNA & Greenspan (2006). Sequences Directly Submited by FamilyTreeDNA on Customers’ Behalf. , -, -.
- Herrnstadt, Corinna; Elson, Joanna L.; Fahy, Eoin; Preston, Gwen; Turnbull, Douglass M.; Anderson, Christen; Ghosh, Soumitra S.; Olefsky, Jerrold M.; Beal, M. Flint; Davis, Robert E. & Howell, Neil (2002). Reduced-median-network analysis of complete mitochondrial DNA coding-region sequences for the major African, Asian, and European haplogroups. American journal of human genetics, 70(5), 1152-1171.
- Schonberg, Anna; Theunert, Christoph; Li, Mingkun; Stoneking, Mark & Nasidze, Ivan (2011). High-throughput sequencing of complete human mtDNA genomes from the Caucasus and West Asia: high diversity and demographic inferences. European Journal of Human Genetics, 19(9), 988-994.
- Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
Additional Resources
- Ian Logan’s mtDNA Pages
- Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
- James Lick’s mtDNA Utility
- The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup X
- The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup X
mtDNA Consultants
The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.
Keywords
Peoples: | Places:
Last Updated: Last updated: August 29, 2020 at 19:51 pm