Summary
Age: 29,253.5 ± 5,815.0; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Undetermined
Variants: T146C! G2706A A5186t C12106T G13194A C15049T
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: U2
Descendant branch(s): U2b1 U2b2
YFull Info
Name: U2bAge: 39500 to 28200 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: -
Variants: T146C! G2706A A5186T C12106T G13194A C15049T
Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.
Haplogroup U2b is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 23,400 and 35,100 years (Behar et al., 2012b).
mtDNA Haplogroup U2b Phylotree History
Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.
| Build# | Called | Variants (Mutations) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | U2b | 146 2706 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 27 Aug 2008 |
| 02 | U2b | 146 2706 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 14 Oct 2008 |
| 03 | U2b | 146 2706 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 1 Mar 2009 |
| 05 | U2b | 146 2706 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 8 Jul 2009 |
| 06 | U2b | 146 2706! 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 28 Sep 2009 |
| 07 | U2b | 146 2706! 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 10 Nov 2009 |
| 08 | U2b | 146 2706! 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 21 Mar 2010 |
| 09 | U2b | 146 2706! 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 20 Jun 2010 |
| 10 | U2b | 146 2706! 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 10 Aug 2010 |
| 11 | U2b | 146 2706! 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 7 Feb 2011 |
| 12 | U2b | 146 2706! 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 20 Jul 2011 |
| 13 | U2b | 146 2706! 5186T 12106 13194 15049 | Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS |
| 14 | U2b | T146C! G2706A A5186t C12106T G13194A C15049T | Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS |
| 15 | U2b | T146C! G2706A A5186t C12106T G13194A C15049T | Released 30 Sep 2012 |
| 16 | U2b | T146C! G2706A A5186t C12106T G13194A C15049T | Released 19 Feb 2014 |
| 17 | U2b | T146C! G2706A A5186t C12106T G13194A C15049T | Released 18 Feb 2016 |
mtDNA Haplogroup U2b Data Sources
GenBank Samples
GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.
Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.
| Hg ID | Origin | Publication | Hg BLD16 | Hg BLD17 | Hg YFull | Missing Variants | Additional Variants |
|---|
Sources & Resources
Related Sources
- Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
- Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
Additional Resources
- Ian Logan’s mtDNA Pages
- Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
- James Lick’s mtDNA Utility
- The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup U2
- The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup U2
mtDNA Consultants
The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.
Keywords
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Last Updated: [lastupdated]