Summary
Age: 13,719.0 ± 6,934.6; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Undetermined
Variants: T152C! G4769A T7657C T8473C G9932A G10685A A12654G G14305A C16071T
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: R2’JT
Descendant branch(s): R2a R2b R2c R2d
YFull Info
Name: R2Age: 51400 to 37900 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: -
Variants: T152C! G4769A T7657C T8473C G9932A G10685A A12654G G14305A C16071T
Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.
Haplogroup R2 is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity.
mtDNA Haplogroup R2 Phylotree History
Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.
| Build# | Called | Variants (Mutations) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | R2 | 152 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 27 Aug 2008 |
| 02 | R2 | 152 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 14 Oct 2008 |
| 03 | R2 | 152 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 1 Mar 2009 |
| 04 | R2 | 152 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 10 May 2009 |
| 05 | R2 | 152 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 8 Jul 2009 |
| 06 | R2 | 152 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 28 Sep 2009 |
| 07 | R2 | 152 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 10 Nov 2009 |
| 08 | R2 | 152 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 21 Mar 2010 |
| 09 | R2 | 152 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 20 Jun 2010 |
| 10 | R2 | 152 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 10 Aug 2010 |
| 11 | R2 | 152 4769! 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 7 Feb 2011 |
| 12 | R2 | 152 4769! 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 20 Jul 2011 |
| 13 | R2 | 152 4769! 7657 8473 9932 10685 12654 13500 14305 16071 | Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS |
| 14 | R2 | T152C! G4769A T7657C T8473C G9932A G10685A A12654G T13500C G14305A C16071T | Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS |
| 15 | R2 | T152C! G4769A T7657C T8473C G9932A G10685A A12654G T13500C G14305A C16071T | Released 30 Sep 2012 |
| 16 | R2 | T152C! G4769A T7657C T8473C G9932A G10685A A12654G T13500C G14305A C16071T | Released 19 Feb 2014 |
| 17 | R2 | T152C! G4769A T7657C T8473C G9932A G10685A A12654G G14305A C16071T | Released 18 Feb 2016 |
mtDNA Haplogroup R2 Data Sources
GenBank Samples
GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.
Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.
| Hg ID | Origin | Publication | Hg BLD16 | Hg BLD17 | Hg YFull | Missing Variants | Additional Variants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hap5005439 | Bertolin et al., 2011 | R2 | R2-a1* | R2:195, 10873 | R2:312N, 6182, 11379N, 16172, 16320 | ||
| Hap5009365 | - | Hartmann et al., 2008 | R2 | - | R2:146 | R2:309.1C, 315.1C, 8143, 13434, 13914A | |
| Hap5012066 | Palanichamy et al., 2004 | R2 | R2-a1* | R2:195 | R2:151, 315.1C, 8513Y, 12414, 14020, 16126, 16261 | ||
| Hap5020849 | Iran | Derenko et al., 2013 | R2 | R2d | R2:195 | R2:309.1C, 315.1C, 8143, 13434, 13914A | |
| Hap5020888 | Iran | Derenko et al., 2013 | R2 | R2e | R2:13500, 16311 | R2:150, 246, 309.1C, 315.1C, 1709, 4164, 5773, 8027, 8965, 11002, 12945, 13080, 14034, 15323, 15850, 16111, 16124, 16274 | |
| Hap5020906 | Iran | Derenko et al., 2013 | R2 | R2d | none | R2:309.1C, 315.1C, 8143, 13434, 13914A | |
| Hap5020943 | Iran | Derenko et al., 2013 | R2 | R2-a* | R2:8701 | R2:315.1C | |
| Hap5020948 | Iran | Derenko et al., 2013 | R2 | R2* | R2:13500 | R2:309.1CC, 315.1C, 961, 3588, 13392, 13827T, 15226C, 15784, 15930, 16192A, 16207, 16325 | |
| Hap5021054 | Iran | Derenko et al., 2013 | R2 | R2d | none | R2:309.1C, 315.1C, 8143, 13434, 13914A, 16124 | |
| Hap5021064 | Iran | Derenko et al., 2013 | R2 | R2d | none | R2:309.1C, 315.1C, 8143, 13434, 13914A | |
| Hap5021110 | Iran | Derenko et al., 2013 | R2 | R2e | R2:13500, 16311 | R2:150, 246, 309.1C, 315.1C, 1709, 4164, 5773, 8027, 8965, 11002, 12945, 13080, 14034, 15323, 15850, 16111, 16124, 16274 | |
| Hap5021196 | Iran | Derenko et al., 2013 | R2 | R2d | none | R2:309.1C, 315.1C, 6353, 8143, 13434, 13914A |
Sources & Resources
Related Sources
- Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
- Bertolin, C., Magri, C., Barlati, S., Vettori, A., Perini, G.I., Peruzzi, P., Mostacciuolo, M.L. and Vazza, G. (2011). Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Journal of Human Genetics, 56(12), 869-872.
- Derenko, M., Malyarchuk, B., Bahmanimehr, A., Denisova, G., Perkova, M., Farjadian, S., & Yepiskoposyan, L. (2013). Complete Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Iranians. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e80673.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
- Hartmann, A., Thieme, M., Nanduri, L.K., Stempfl, T., Moehle, C., Kivisild, T. and Oefner, P.J. (2008). Validation of microarray-based resequencing of 93 worldwide mitochondrial genomes. Human mutation, 30(1), 115-122.
- Palanichamy, M.G., Sun, C., Agrawal, S., Bandelt, H.J., Kong, Q.P., Khan, F., Wang, C.Y., Chaudhuri, T.K., Palla, V. and Zhang, Y.P. (2004). Phylogeny of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup N in India, Based on Complete Sequencing: Implications for the Peopling of South Asia. American journal of human genetics, 75(6), 966-978.
- Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
Additional Resources
- Ian Logan’s mtDNA Pages
- Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
- James Lick’s mtDNA Utility
- The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup R
- The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup R
mtDNA Consultants
The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.
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