B4c1b2 – Haplogroup

Summary

Age: 14,499.3 ± 4,351.8; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Undetermined
Variants: C3571T
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: B4c1b
Descendant branch(s): B4c1b2a B4c1b2b B4c1b2c

YFull Info

Name: B4c1b2
Age: 26500 to 15300 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: 23000 to 14200 ybp [95% CI]
Variants: C3571T

Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.

Haplogroup B4c1b2 is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. The woman who founded this line lived between 10,100 and 18,900 years ago (Behar et al 2012b).

mtDNA Haplogroup B4c1b2 Phylotree History

Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.

Build#	Called	Variants (Mutations)	Notes
01	B4c1b2	146 3571	Released 27 Aug 2008
02	B4c1b2	146 3571	Released 14 Oct 2008
05	B4c1b2	146 3571 8772	Released 8 Jul 2009
06	B4c1b2	146 3571 8772	Released 28 Sep 2009
07	B4c1b2	146 3571 8772	Released 10 Nov 2009
08	B4c1b2	146 3571 8772	Released 21 Mar 2010
09	B4c1b2	146 3571 8772	Released 20 Jun 2010
10	B4c1b2	146 3571 8772	Released 10 Aug 2010
11	B4c1b2	146 3571 8772	Released 7 Feb 2011
12	B4c1b2	146 3571 8772	Released 20 Jul 2011
13	B4c1b2	3571	Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS
14	B4c1b2	C3571T	Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS
15	B4c1b2	C3571T	Released 30 Sep 2012
16	B4c1b2	C3571T	Released 19 Feb 2014
17	B4c1b2	C3571T	Released 18 Feb 2016

mtDNA Haplogroup B4c1b2 Data Sources

GenBank Samples

GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.

Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.

Hg ID	Origin	Publication	Hg BLD16	Hg BLD17	Hg YFull	Missing Variants	Additional Variants
Hap5011328		Ko et al., 2014	B4c1b2		B4c1b2b	B4c1b2:195, 8281-8289d	B4c1b2:3738, 8200, 8257, 16189, 16305T
Hap5022390		Zheng et al., 2011	B4c1b2			B4c1b2:195	B4c1b2:8200, 8634, 10157, 14793, 16183N, 16305C

Sources & Resources

Related Sources

Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
Ko, A.M.S., Chen, C.Y., Fu, Q., Delfin, F., Li, M., Chiu, H.L., Stoneking, M. and Ko, Y.C. (2014). Early Austronesians: Into and Out Of Taiwan. American journal of human genetics, 94(3), 426-436.
Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
Zheng, H.X., Yan, S., Qin, Z.D., Wang, Y., Tan, J.Z., Li, H. and Jin, L. (2011). Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e25835+.

Additional Resources

mtDNA Consultants

The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.

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