Summary
Age: 14,499.3 ± 4,351.8; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Undetermined
Variants: C3571T
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: B4c1b
Descendant branch(s): B4c1b2a B4c1b2b B4c1b2c
YFull Info
Name: B4c1b2Age: 26500 to 15300 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: 23000 to 14200 ybp [95% CI]
Variants: C3571T
Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.
Haplogroup B4c1b2 is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. The woman who founded this line lived between 10,100 and 18,900 years ago (Behar et al 2012b).
mtDNA Haplogroup B4c1b2 Phylotree History
Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.
Build# | Called | Variants (Mutations) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
01 | B4c1b2 | 146 3571 | Released 27 Aug 2008 |
02 | B4c1b2 | 146 3571 | Released 14 Oct 2008 |
05 | B4c1b2 | 146 3571 8772 | Released 8 Jul 2009 |
06 | B4c1b2 | 146 3571 8772 | Released 28 Sep 2009 |
07 | B4c1b2 | 146 3571 8772 | Released 10 Nov 2009 |
08 | B4c1b2 | 146 3571 8772 | Released 21 Mar 2010 |
09 | B4c1b2 | 146 3571 8772 | Released 20 Jun 2010 |
10 | B4c1b2 | 146 3571 8772 | Released 10 Aug 2010 |
11 | B4c1b2 | 146 3571 8772 | Released 7 Feb 2011 |
12 | B4c1b2 | 146 3571 8772 | Released 20 Jul 2011 |
13 | B4c1b2 | 3571 | Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS |
14 | B4c1b2 | C3571T | Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS |
15 | B4c1b2 | C3571T | Released 30 Sep 2012 |
16 | B4c1b2 | C3571T | Released 19 Feb 2014 |
17 | B4c1b2 | C3571T | Released 18 Feb 2016 |
mtDNA Haplogroup B4c1b2 Data Sources
GenBank Samples
GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.
Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.
Hg ID | Origin | Publication | Hg BLD16 | Hg BLD17 | Hg YFull | Missing Variants | Additional Variants |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hap5011328 | Ko et al., 2014 | B4c1b2 | B4c1b2b | B4c1b2:195, 8281-8289d | B4c1b2:3738, 8200, 8257, 16189, 16305T | ||
Hap5022390 | Zheng et al., 2011 | B4c1b2 | B4c1b2:195 | B4c1b2:8200, 8634, 10157, 14793, 16183N, 16305C |
Sources & Resources
Related Sources
- Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
- Ko, A.M.S., Chen, C.Y., Fu, Q., Delfin, F., Li, M., Chiu, H.L., Stoneking, M. and Ko, Y.C. (2014). Early Austronesians: Into and Out Of Taiwan. American journal of human genetics, 94(3), 426-436.
- Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
- Zheng, H.X., Yan, S., Qin, Z.D., Wang, Y., Tan, J.Z., Li, H. and Jin, L. (2011). Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e25835+.
Additional Resources
- Ian Logan’s mtDNA Pages
- Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
- James Lick’s mtDNA Utility
- The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup B
- The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup B
mtDNA Consultants
The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.
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