Summary
Age: 24,194.5 ± 4,520.6; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Undetermined
Variants: T5465C G9123A
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: B4
Descendant branch(s): B4a1 B4a2 B4a3 B4a4 B4a5
YFull Info
Name: B4aAge: 42300 to 29800 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: 33700 to 23900 ybp [95% CI]
Variants: T5465C G9123A
Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.
Haplogroup B4a is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. The woman who founded this line lived between 19,700 and 28,700 years ago (Behar et al 2012b).
mtDNA Haplogroup B4a Phylotree History
Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.
| Build# | Called | Variants (Mutations) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 27 Aug 2008 |
| 02 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 14 Oct 2008 |
| 05 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 8 Jul 2009 |
| 06 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 28 Sep 2009 |
| 07 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 10 Nov 2009 |
| 08 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 21 Mar 2010 |
| 09 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 20 Jun 2010 |
| 10 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 10 Aug 2010 |
| 11 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 7 Feb 2011 |
| 12 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 20 Jul 2011 |
| 13 | B4a | 5465 9123 | Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS |
| 14 | B4a | T5465C G9123A | Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS |
| 15 | B4a | T5465C G9123A | Released 30 Sep 2012 |
| 16 | B4a | T5465C G9123A | Released 19 Feb 2014 |
| 17 | B4a | T5465C G9123A | Released 18 Feb 2016 |
mtDNA Haplogroup B4a Data Sources
GenBank Samples
GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.
Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.
| Hg ID | Origin | Publication | Hg BLD16 | Hg BLD17 | Hg YFull | Missing Variants | Additional Variants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hap5010225 | China, People's Republic of | Jiang et al., 2014 | B4a | B4a* | B4a:11914 | B4a:309.1CC, 315.1C, 521-524d, 813, 868, 7325, 10410, 13098T, 13995, 14110, 14569, 15877, 16182C, 16183C, 16234, 16256 | |
| Hap5010311 | Jinam et al., 2012 | B4a | B4a* | B4a:16129 | B4a:310, 523-524d, 2308, 5960, 8860, 14675, 15232, 15718, 16154, 16182C, 16183C | ||
| Hap5011256 | Ko et al., 2014 | B4a | B4a5b | B4a:8281-8289d | B4a:5814, 9428, 12732, 14518, 16189, 16212, 16295 | ||
| Hap5011290 | Ko et al., 2014 | B4a | B4a5b | B4a:8281-8289d | B4a:5814, 12732, 14518, 16189 | ||
| Hap5022347 | Zheng et al., 2011 | B4a | B4a:16129 | B4a:94, 236, 523-524d, 12239, 16182N, 16183C |
Sources & Resources
Related Sources
- Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
- - (2014). A Direct Submission to GenBank by Jiang et al., in 2014. , unpublished, unpublished.
- Jinam, T.A., Hong, L.C., Phipps, M.E., Stoneking, M., Ameen, M., Edo, J., Saitou, N. and HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium. (2012). Evolutionary History of Continental Southeast Asians: “Early Train” Hypothesis Based on Genetic Analysis of Mitochondrial and Autosomal DNA Data. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29(11), 3513-3527.
- Ko, A.M.S., Chen, C.Y., Fu, Q., Delfin, F., Li, M., Chiu, H.L., Stoneking, M. and Ko, Y.C. (2014). Early Austronesians: Into and Out Of Taiwan. American journal of human genetics, 94(3), 426-436.
- Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
- Zheng, H.X., Yan, S., Qin, Z.D., Wang, Y., Tan, J.Z., Li, H. and Jin, L. (2011). Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e25835+.
Additional Resources
- Ian Logan’s mtDNA Pages
- Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
- James Lick’s mtDNA Utility
- The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup B
- The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup B
mtDNA Consultants
The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.
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