Summary
Age: 56,523.5 ± 2,081.2; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: West Asia
Variants: T12705C T16223C
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: N
Descendant branch(s): B4’5 P R0 R1 R12’21 R14 R2’JT R22 R23 R24 R30 R31 R32 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 U
YFull Info
Name: RAge: 54100 to 47900 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: -
Variants: T12705C T16223C
Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.
Haplogroup R is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. It is a child of haplogroup N. It was likely born in the West Asia around 57,000 years ago. (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin
Most researchers consider the birthplace of R to have been born in West Asia.
Age
Behar et al., 2012b placed the birth of the R lineage between 54,400 and 58,600 years ago. This means the line was born in the Upper Paleolithic. At the time, people were using stone tools.
Ancient DNA
Coming Soon
Timeline
This timeline is an overview of the R branch’s history from the first early people to the birth of the first woman from the R lineage. (View in new tab.)
National Geographic Geno 2.0 Text
Age: 64,200 Years Ago
Origin: Asia
Blurb: This point in your ancestors journey began soon after humans moved out-of-Africa. Her descendants undertook many of the same migrations as others from her maternal lineage.After several thousand years in West Asia, population groups containing this lineage moved into surrounding areas. They traveled on to Central Asia. Some moved south, migrating back into North Africa. Others went west across Anatolia. Some of these went north across the Caucasus Mountains of Georgia and south Russia.Interest Point: Descendants of this line dominate the European maternal landscape, making up 75 to 95 percent of the lineages there.
Author: Rebekah A. Canada | Copyright: National Geographic
mtDNA Haplogroup R Phylotree History
Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.
| Build# | Called | Variants (Mutations) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 27 Aug 2008 |
| 02 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 14 Oct 2008 |
| 03 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 1 Mar 2009 |
| 04 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 10 May 2009 |
| 05 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 8 Jul 2009 |
| 06 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 28 Sep 2009 |
| 07 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 10 Nov 2009 |
| 08 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 21 Mar 2010 |
| 09 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 20 Jun 2010 |
| 10 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 10 Aug 2010 |
| 11 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 7 Feb 2011 |
| 12 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 20 Jul 2011 |
| 13 | R | 12705 16223 | Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS |
| 14 | R | T12705C T16223C | Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS |
| 15 | R | T12705C T16223C | Released 30 Sep 2012 |
| 16 | R | T12705C T16223C | Released 19 Feb 2014 |
| 17 | R | T12705C T16223C | Released 18 Feb 2016 |
mtDNA Haplogroup R Data Sources
GenBank Samples
GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.
Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.
| Hg ID | Origin | Publication | Hg BLD16 | Hg BLD17 | Hg YFull | Missing Variants | Additional Variants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hap5006965 | Philippines | Delfin et al., 2014 | R | R* | R:146, 10398, 16129 | R:146N, 309d, 315.1C, 316N, 322N, 480N, 499N, 523-524d, 3492N, 3571N, 3970N, 6392N, 9554N, 10310N, 10398N, 10609N, 13759N, 15301N, 16129N, 16217N, 16362N | |
| Hap5011299 | Ko et al., 2014 | R | B4m | R:10398 | R:6863, 8400, 14410, 14883, 15381, 16150, 16217, 16240, 16261, 16519 | ||
| Hap5012344 | Pradutkanchana et al., 2011 | R | R* | R:16129 | R:182, 315.1C, 338, 6962, 7202, 9063, 9350, 9449, 10454, 12285, 13326, 13830, 14470, 15258, 16093, 16172 | ||
| Hap5014017 | Schönberg et al., 2011 | R | R* | R:146, 152, 16129 | R:60d, 81, 150, 283, 302d, 310d, 451d, 593d, 3006N, 3008N, 3160d, 4928N, 5201N, 5348N, 5894d, 6371N, 7028N, 8320N, 10099N, 11719N, 11976N, 12654, 14305, 16071, 16355, 16357, 16519 | ||
| Hap5014018 | Schönberg et al., 2011 | R | HV-a* | R:152 | R:60d, 150, 302d, 310d, 451d, 593d, 3006, 3008, 3014T, 3017G, 3019T, 3021N, 3160d, 4216N, 5894d, 10956N, 11251N, 11467N, 11719N, 12236N, 12654N, 13708N, 14047N, 14305N, 14766N, 15106N, 16071N, 16229, 16234 | ||
| Hap5023488 | Young et al., 2006 | R | R:10398 | R:249d, 263, 315.1C, 523-524d, 1555, 12882, 14178, 14668, 14693, 14766, 16304G |
Sources & Resources
Related Sources
- Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
- Delfin, F., Ko, A.M.S., Li, M., Gunnarsdóttir, E.D., Tabbada, K.A., Salvador, J.M., Calacal, G.C., Sagum, M.S., Datar, F.A., Padilla, S.G. and De Ungria, M.C.A. (2014). Complete mtDNA genomes of Filipino ethnolinguistic groups: a melting pot of recent and ancient lineages in the Asia-Pacific region. European Journal of Human Genetics, 22(2), 228-237.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
- Ko, A.M.S., Chen, C.Y., Fu, Q., Delfin, F., Li, M., Chiu, H.L., Stoneking, M. and Ko, Y.C. (2014). Early Austronesians: Into and Out Of Taiwan. American journal of human genetics, 94(3), 426-436.
- - (2011). A Direct Submission to GenBank by Pradutkanchana et al., 2011. , unpublished, unpublished.
- Schonberg, Anna; Theunert, Christoph; Li, Mingkun; Stoneking, Mark & Nasidze, Ivan (2011). High-throughput sequencing of complete human mtDNA genomes from the Caucasus and West Asia: high diversity and demographic inferences. European Journal of Human Genetics, 19(9), 988-994.
- Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
- Young, W.Y., Zhao, L., Qian, Y., Li, R., Chen, J., Yuan, H., Dai, P., Zhai, S., Han, D. and Guan, M.X. (2006). Variants in mitochondrial tRNAGlu, tRNAArg, and tRNAThr may influence the phenotypic manifestation of deafness-associated 12S rRNA A1555G mutation in three Han Chinese families with hearing loss. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 140(20), 2188-2197.
Additional Resources
- Ian Logan’s mtDNA Pages
- Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
- James Lick’s mtDNA Utility
- The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup R
- The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup R
mtDNA Consultants
The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.
Keywords
Peoples: | Places: Eurasia and Levantine
Last Updated: [lastupdated]