Summary

Age: 6,039.0 ± 4,678.4; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Tibetan Plateau
Mutations: T1005C 5899.XC G6755A T8843C
Parent Branch: A11
Descendant branch(s):

Background

Haplogroup A11a is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. The woman who founded this line lived between 1,400 and 10,700 years ago (Behar et al 2012b).

Four research studies include the A11a lineage. All have placed it in Tibetan peoples (Kang et al., 2013, Qin et al., 2010, Ji F et al., 2012, and Zhao et al., 2009). Specifically, it has been found in the Nyingchi, the Shannan, and the Lhasa peoples (Qin et al., 2010 and Ji F et al., 2012) as well as the Sherpa (Kang et al., 2013).

Geno 2 data has one participant with demographic information. They are from India.

mtDNA Haplogroup A11a Phylotree History

Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.

mtDNA Haplogroup A11a Data Sources

GenBank Samples

GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.

Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing resuts over to build 17.

Geno 2.0 Data

Data from Geno 2.0 is derived from the The National Geographic Society’s Genographic Project — the DAR. The Hg ID is specific to this site and is used to protect the identities of those who take part in Genographic research. Birth Country, Mother's Birth Country, and Maternal Grandmother's Birth Country have been normalized from DAR database fields. The Maternal Origin is determined based on the three previous fields.

Note: Geno 2.0 results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing resuts over to build 17.

If you use the information in this table, please credit both this site and The National Geographic Society’s Genographic Project.

Sources & Resources

Related Sources

• Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
• Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
• Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
• Ji, F., Sharpley, M.S., Derbeneva, O., Alves, L.S., Qian, P., Wang, Y., Chalkia, D., Lvova, M., Xu, J., Yao, W. and Simon, M. (2012). Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(19), 7391-7396.
• Kang, L., Zheng, H.X., Chen, F., Yan, S., Liu, K., Qin, Z., Liu, L., Zhao, Z., Li, L., Wang, X. and He, Y. (2013). mtDNA Lineage Expansions in Sherpa Population Suggest Adaptive Evolution in Tibetan Highlands. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30(12), 2579-2587.
• Qin, Z., Yang, Y., Kang, L., Yan, S., Cho, K., Cai, X., Lu, Y., Zheng, H., Zhu, D., Fei, D. and Li, S. (2010). A mitochondrial revelation of early human migrations to the Tibetan Plateau before and after the last glacial maximum. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 143(4), 555-569.
• - (2012). A Direct Submission to GenBank by Sharma V et al., 2012. , unpublished, unpublished.
• Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
• Zhao, M., Kong, Q.P., Wang, H.W., Peng, M.S., Xie, X.D., Wang, W.Z., Duan, J.G., Cai, M.C., Zhao, S.N., Tu, Y.Q. and Wu, S.F. (2009). Mitochondrial genome evidence reveals successful Late Paleolithic settlement on the Tibetan Plateau. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(50), 21230-21235.

Additional Resources

• Ian Logan's mtDNA Pages
• Ian Logan's Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
• James Lick's mtDNA Utility
• The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup A2
• The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup A

mtDNA Consultants

The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.

• DNA Explorers – Robert Sliwinski
• Genetic Genealogy Consultant – Ugo Perego
• Your DNA Guide – Diahan Southard