Summary
Age: 19,438.8 ± 4,126.9; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Undetermined
Variants: T8762C G12651c
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: D4
Descendant branch(s): D4m1 D4m2
YFull Info
Name: D4mAge: 30300 to 25800 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: 29800 to 16300 ybp [95% CI]
Variants: T8762C G12651C
Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.
Haplogroup D4m is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. The woman who founded this line lived between 15,300 and 23,600 years ago (Behar et al 2012b).
mtDNA Haplogroup D4m Phylotree History
Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.
| Build# | Called | Variants (Mutations) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 27 Aug 2008 |
| 02 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 14 Oct 2008 |
| 03 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 1 Mar 2009 |
| 04 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 10 May 2009 |
| 05 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 8 Jul 2009 |
| 06 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 28 Sep 2009 |
| 07 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 10 Nov 2009 |
| 08 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 21 Mar 2010 |
| 09 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 20 Jun 2010 |
| 10 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 10 Aug 2010 |
| 11 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 7 Feb 2011 |
| 12 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 20 Jul 2011 |
| 13 | D4m | 8762 12651C | Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS |
| 14 | D4m | T8762C G12651c | Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS |
| 15 | D4m | T8762C G12651c | Released 30 Sep 2012 |
| 16 | D4m | T8762C G12651c | Released 19 Feb 2014 |
| 17 | D4m | T8762C G12651c | Released 18 Feb 2016 |
mtDNA Haplogroup D4m Data Sources
GenBank Samples
GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.
Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.
| Hg ID | Origin | Publication | Hg BLD16 | Hg BLD17 | Hg YFull | Missing Variants | Additional Variants |
|---|
Sources & Resources
Related Sources
- Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
- Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
- Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
Additional Resources
- Ian Logan’s mtDNA Pages
- Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
- James Lick’s mtDNA Utility
- The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup D
- The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup D
mtDNA Consultants
The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.
Keywords
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Last Updated: [lastupdated]