D4

Haplogroup D4 is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. The woman who founded this line lived between 22,600 and 26,500 years ago (Behar et al 2012b).

mtDNA Haplogroup D4 Phylotree History

Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.

mtDNA Haplogroup D4 Data Sources

GenBank Samples

GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.

Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.

Sources & Resources

Related Sources

• Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
• Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Denisova, Galina; Rogalla, Urszula; Perkova, Maria; Dambueva, Irina & Zakharov, Ilia (2010). Origin and Post-Glacial Dispersal of Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups C and D in Northern Asia. PLoS ONE, 5(12), e15214+.
• Derenko, M., Malyarchuk, B., Bahmanimehr, A., Denisova, G., Perkova, M., Farjadian, S., & Yepiskoposyan, L. (2013). Complete Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Iranians. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e80673.
• Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
• Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
• - (2014). A Direct Submission to GenBank by Jiang et al., in 2014. , unpublished, unpublished.
• Kang, L., Zheng, H.X., Chen, F., Yan, S., Liu, K., Qin, Z., Liu, L., Zhao, Z., Li, L., Wang, X. and He, Y. (2013). mtDNA Lineage Expansions in Sherpa Population Suggest Adaptive Evolution in Tibetan Highlands. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30(12), 2579-2587.
• Ko, A.M.S., Chen, C.Y., Fu, Q., Delfin, F., Li, M., Chiu, H.L., Stoneking, M. and Ko, Y.C. (2014). Early Austronesians: Into and Out Of Taiwan. American journal of human genetics, 94(3), 426-436.
• Lamnidis, T.C., Majander, K., Jeong, C., Salmela, E., Wessman, A., Moiseyev, V., Khartanovich, V., Balanovsky, O., Ongyerth, M., Weihmann, A. and Sajantila, A. (2018). Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe. Nature Scientific Reports, -, -.
• Lkhagvasuren, G., Shin, H., Lee, S.E., Tumen, D., Kim, J.H., Kim, K.Y., Kim, K., Park, A.J., Lee, H.W., Kim, M.J. & Choi, J. (2016). Molecular Genealogy of a Mongol Queen’s Family and Her Possible Kinship with Genghis Khan. PLoS ONE, 11(9), e0161622.
• Pilipenko, A.S., Cherdantsev, S.V., Trapezov, R.O., Zhuravlev, A.A., Babenko, V.N., Pozdnyakov, D.V., Konovalov, P.B. and Polosmak, N.V. (2017). Mitochondrial DNA diversity in a Transbaikalian Xiongnu population. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, -, 1-14.
• Sukernik, Rem I.; Volodko, Natalia V.; Mazunin, Ilya O.; Eltsov, Nikolai P.; Dryomov, Stanislav V. & Starikovskaya, Elena B. (2012). Mitochondrial genome diversity in the tubalar, even, and ulchi: Contribution to prehistory of native siberians and their affinities to native americans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 148(1), 123-138.
• Summerer, M., Horst, J., Erhart, G., Weißensteiner, H., Schönherr, S., Pacher, D., Forer, L., Horst, D., Manhart, A., Horst, B. and Sanguansermsri, T. (2012). Large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis in Southeast Asia reveals evolutionary effects of cultural isolation in the multi-ethnic population of Myanmar. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 14(1), 1.
• Tanaka, M., Cabrera, V.M., González, A.M., Larruga, J.M., Takeyasu, T., Fuku, N., Guo, L.J., Hirose, R., Fujita, Y., Kurata, M. & Shinoda, K.I. (2004). Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Eastern Asia and the Peopling of Japan. Genome Research, 14(10a), 1832-1850.
• Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
• Zheng, H.X., Yan, S., Qin, Z.D., Wang, Y., Tan, J.Z., Li, H. and Jin, L. (2011). Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e25835+.

Additional Resources

• Ian Logan’s mtDNA Pages
• Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
• James Lick’s mtDNA Utility
• The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup D
• The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup D

mtDNA Consultants

The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.

• DNA Explorers – Robert Sliwinski
• Genetic Genealogy Consultant – Ugo Perego
• Your DNA Guide – Diahan Southard