M11a2 – Haplogroup

Summary

Age: 8,776.3 ± 3,715.2; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Undetermined
Variants: T146C! C16173T
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: M11a
Descendant branch(s):

YFull Info

Name: M11a2
Age: 21000 to 12400 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: -
Variants: T146C! C16173T

Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.

Haplogroup M11a2 is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 5,100 and 12,500 years (Behar et al., 2012b).

mtDNA Haplogroup M11a2 Phylotree History

Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.

Build#	Called	Variants (Mutations)	Notes
06	M11a2	13890	Released 28 Sep 2009
10	M11a2	146 16173	Released 10 Aug 2010
11	M11a2	146 16173	Released 7 Feb 2011
12	M11a2	146 16173	Released 20 Jul 2011
13	M11a2	146 16173	Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS
14	M11a2	T146C! C16173T	Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS
15	M11a2	T146C! C16173T	Released 30 Sep 2012
16	M11a2	T146C! C16173T	Released 19 Feb 2014
17	M11a2	T146C! C16173T	Released 18 Feb 2016

mtDNA Haplogroup M11a2 Data Sources

GenBank Samples

GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.

Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.

Hg ID	Origin	Publication	Hg BLD16	Hg YFull	Missing Variants	Additional Variants
Hap5010674		Kang et al., 2013	M11a2	M11a2	M11a2:198, 215	M11a2:310N, 9765, 11404, 16519
Hap5012388		Qin et al. 2010	M11a2	M11a2	M11a2:198, 200	M11a2:197, 315.1C, 739, 3523, 8540, 9389, 11084, 12141, 15204, 16051, 16519
Hap5012404		Qin et al. 2010	M11a2	M11a2	M11a2:198	M11a2:197, 309.1C, 315.1C, 2850, 8540, 10404, 13563, 13708, 16519
Hap5016469		Ji F et al., 2012	M11a2	M11a2	none	M11a2:6614, 11404, 16519
Hap5022131	China, People's Republic of	Kong et al., 2003	M11a2	M11a2	M11a2:198, 11914	M11a2:151, 309.1C, 315.1C, 11410, 15327, 16172, 16519

Sources & Resources

Related Sources

Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
Ji, F., Sharpley, M.S., Derbeneva, O., Alves, L.S., Qian, P., Wang, Y., Chalkia, D., Lvova, M., Xu, J., Yao, W. and Simon, M. (2012). Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(19), 7391-7396.
Kang, L., Zheng, H.X., Chen, F., Yan, S., Liu, K., Qin, Z., Liu, L., Zhao, Z., Li, L., Wang, X. and He, Y. (2013). mtDNA Lineage Expansions in Sherpa Population Suggest Adaptive Evolution in Tibetan Highlands. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30(12), 2579-2587.
Kong, Q.P., Yao, Y.G., Sun, C., Bandelt, H.J., Zhu, C.L. and Zhang, Y.P. (2003). Phylogeny of East Asian Mitochondrial DNA Lineages Inferred from Complete Sequences. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 73(3), 671-676.
Qin, Z., Yang, Y., Kang, L., Yan, S., Cho, K., Cai, X., Lu, Y., Zheng, H., Zhu, D., Fei, D. and Li, S. (2010). A mitochondrial revelation of early human migrations to the Tibetan Plateau before and after the last glacial maximum. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 143(4), 555-569.
Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.

Additional Resources

mtDNA Consultants

The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.

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