The Encyclopedia of mtDNA Origins is a guide to what is known about each mtDNA branch. Today, much of what we know is raw material from Geno 2.0 results, Genbank samples, and published papers. This is built around the structure of the mtDNA Phylotree. The encyclopedia brings the data from those sources together in a format that allows new knowledge of our maternal origins to emerge.
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Haplogroup R11b is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 12,600 and 25,300 years (Behar et al., 2012b).
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Haplogroup R11b1 is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity.
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Haplogroup R11b1a is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity.
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Haplogroup R11b1b is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity.
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Haplogroup R12 is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity.
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Haplogroup R12’21 is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity.
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Haplogroup R14 is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity.
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Haplogroup R1a is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 5,700 and 10,900 years (Behar et al., 2012b).
People: Georgians and Iranians Places: Caucasus, Europe, India, and Middle East
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Haplogroup R1a1 is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 4,700 and 9,400 years (Behar et al., 2012b).
People: Azeri Places: Armenia, Greece, Russia, and Turkey
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Haplogroup R1a1a is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 1,700 and 6,200 years (Behar et al., 2012b).
People: Places: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, and Spain
