The Encyclopedia of mtDNA Origins is a guide to what is known about each mtDNA branch. Today, much of what we know is raw material from Geno 2.0 results, Genbank samples, published papers, built around the structure of the mtDNA Phylotree. The encyclopedia brings the data from those sources together in a format that allows new knowledge of our maternal origins to emerge.
mtDNA Story Search
Recently Updated mtDNA Stories
Haplogroup A is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. It is a child of major haplogroup N. It was likely born in East Asia around 24,000 years ago. (Behar et al., 2012b). Through historic travels, members of this line live across East Asia and the Americas.
People: Native Americans Places: Asia, North America, and South America
Haplogroup A1 is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity. It was born between 7,600 and 18,400 years ago (Behar et al., 2012b). It is worth noting that prior to Phylotree build 16 this lineage was known as A4a.
People: Places: Japan
Haplogroup A10 is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 3,300 and 12,300 years (Behar et al., 2012b).
People: Russians Places: Russia and Western Eurasia
Haplogroup A11 is an Asian branch on the maternal tree of human kind. The woman who founded this line lived between 12,800 and 21,900 years ago (Behar et al 2012b). This line was likely born in the Tibetan Plateau based on the origins for its daughter lines.
People: Places: Tibetan Plateau
Haplogroup A11a is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 1,400 and 10,700 years (Behar et al., 2012b).
People: Lhasa, Nyingchi, Shannan, and Sherpa Places: India and Tibet
Haplogroup A11b is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. Its age is between 4,700 and 15,900 years (Behar et al., 2012b).
People: Nakhi Places: China and Tibet
Haplogroup A12 is a Siberian branch on the maternal tree of humanity. Its age has not been determined.
People: Places: Siberia
Haplogroup A12a is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity. It is difficult to be sure with limited data, but this branch likely originates in Siberia.
People: Evenk and Mansi Places: Siberia
Haplogroup A13 is an Asia branch on the maternal tree of humanity. Its age and precise origin are not yet clear.
People: Nakhi Places: Buryat, China, Japan, Khamnigan, and Siberia
Haplogroup A14 is a branch on the maternal tree of humanity. Its age has not been determined, and, because it is found in a wide range of modern populations, its exact origin in Asia is unclear.
People: Altai-Kizhi Places: China, Siberia, and Singapore
